Knee replacement surgery has been a game-changer for individuals experiencing chronic knee pain and mobility issues. While this surgery remains, a complex procedure requiring a skilled surgeon, medical technology has advanced with the advent of robotic knee replacement surgery. This technology offers patients a more precise, less invasive, and faster recovery alternative.
Understanding Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery
Robotic knee replacement surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that utilizes a robotic arm to assist surgeons in performing knee joint replacements. A 3D image of the joint is projected with a camera, which is attached to the robotic arm. A computer console is used by the surgeon to control the robotic arm, sending real-time data, and allowing the arm to move with pinpoint accuracy. The robotic arm also aids the surgeon by guiding cutting and drilling instruments, reducing human error, and ensuring that the implant is accurately positioned.
It is performed to relieve pain and improve mobility for patients suffering from arthritis or other knee conditions. It involves the removal of damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replacing it with an artificial joint made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. Knee replacement surgery is a complex procedure that requires a high level of precision and accuracy to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
What Are the Most Common Types Of Knee Replacement Surgery?
The most performed knee replacement surgeries are
- Total knee replacement - Total knee replacement involves replacing the entire knee joint.
- Partial knee replacement, also known as a unicompartmental replacement- Partial knee replacement only targets a single section of the knee.
To understand the difference between the two, it's important to know that the knee has three compartments:
- The medial (inside),
- lateral (outside), and
- patellofemoral/anterior (under the kneecap).
Total knee replacement addresses all three compartments, whereas partial knee replacement only focuses on the affected section. Generally, partial knee replacement is recommended for young adults with symptoms limited to one knee compartment.
Ultimately, the best option for knee replacement surgery will depend on the patient's overall health and the condition of their knee. An orthopedic surgeon will assess these factors and recommend the appropriate type of surgery.
Determining if Knee Replacement Surgery is Right for You
Pain that interferes with daily life: Knee replacement surgery may be necessary for those who experience chronic pain in their knee joint that limits their ability to carry out daily activities, such as climbing stairs or walking short distances.
Limited mobility: If the pain in the knee joint is accompanied by limited range of motion, stiffness, and difficulty moving, knee replacement surgery may be considered as an option.
Failed non-surgical treatments: Knee replacement surgery is usually considered as a last resort after non-surgical treatments, such as medications, physical therapy, or injections, have failed to relieve the pain and other symptoms.
Arthritis: People with severe arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, may be candidates for knee replacement surgery, especially if the condition has led to irreversible joint damage.
Injury or trauma: Knee replacement surgery may be recommended for those who have suffered a knee injury or trauma, such as a fracture or ligament tear, that has resulted in significant joint damage.
Age and health status: Knee replacement surgery is generally recommended for people over the age of 50, although age is not the only factor to consider. The patient's overall health, medical history, and ability to undergo anaesthesia and surgery are also important considerations.
Ultimately, the decision to have knee replacement surgery should be made in consultation with an orthopedic surgeon, who can evaluate the individual's condition, medical history, and overall health and recommend the best course of treatment.
Pre-operative Preparations for Knee Replacement Surgery
Before undergoing knee replacement surgery, the patient may need to undergo several pre-operative tests and examinations to ensure that they are healthy enough for the surgery. These may include blood tests, physical examinations, dental exams, and electrocardiograms (ECG) to ensure that the patient's heart is strong enough for the surgery.
What Happens During Knee Replacement Surgery?
During knee replacement surgery, the patient will receive anaesthesia to prevent pain during the operation. The type of anaesthesia used will depend on the patient's preference and overall health. The surgery typically takes around an hour or two and involves the surgical team making a cut in the knee area, removing any damaged bone and cartilage, positioning and securing the knee implant in place using cement or without cement, and inserting a polyethylene piece to create a smooth surface between the metal parts of the implant. After the procedure, the incision will be closed.
Post-operative Care for Knee Replacement Surgery
After the surgery, the patient will be moved to a recovery room and monitored for any complications that may arise from the anaesthesia. The healthcare team will also monitor the patient's vital signs and pain level. Patients are encouraged to move their foot and ankle to increase blood flow to the leg muscles and prevent swelling and blood clots. Depending on medical needs, patients may stay in the hospital for a day or more before being discharged.
Advantages of Robotic Knee Replacement Surgery
Precise placement of the implant:
Robotic knee replacement surgery provides unparalleled precision and accuracy when it comes to the placement of the implant. The robotic arm uses 3D imaging and computer-guided navigation to create a personalized surgical plan for each patient. This results in a more precise and accurate placement of the implant, which can improve the overall success and longevity of the joint replacement.
Smaller incisions:
Robotic knee replacement surgery requires smaller incisions than traditional knee replacement surgery. This minimally invasive approach reduces trauma to the surrounding tissue, which leads to less pain, less scarring, and a faster recovery time for the patient.
Customized surgery:
Robotic knee replacement surgery allows for a more customized approach to joint replacement. The surgeon can tailor the surgery to the unique anatomy and biomechanics of each patient, which can improve the overall function and feel of the new joint.
Reduced blood loss:
Robotic knee replacement surgery can reduce blood loss during the procedure. The robotic arm uses a highly precise cutting tool to remove the damaged bone and cartilage, which can result in less bleeding during the surgery.
Faster recovery time:
Patients who undergo robotic knee replacement surgery typically experience a faster recovery time than those who undergo traditional knee replacement surgery. The minimally invasive approach, precise placement of the implant, and reduced trauma to the surrounding tissue all contribute to a faster recovery time and a quicker return to daily activities.
Lower risk of complications:
Robotic knee replacement surgery has a lower risk of complications compared to traditional knee replacement surgery. The precise placement of the implant, smaller incisions, and customized approach to the surgery all contribute to a lower risk of infection, nerve damage, and other potential complications.
Overall, robotic knee replacement surgery offers many advantages over traditional knee replacement surgery. Patients who undergo this procedure can expect a more precise and accurate placement of the implant, smaller incisions, a faster recovery time, and a lower risk of complications.
Discover how robotic knee replacement surgery can improve your quality of life with Dr. Jaya Krishna Reddy, a leading orthopedic surgeon. Contact us now to learn more and take the first step toward a pain-free future.